Sacbe, the Ancient Maya Road System

A sacbe (sometimes spelled zac be and pluralized as sacbeob or zac beob) is the Mayan word for the linear architectural features connecting communities throughout the Maya world. Sacbeob functioned as roads, walkways, causeways, property lines, and dikes. The word sacbe translates to stone road or white road but clearly sacbeob had layers of additional meanings to the Maya, as mythological routes, pilgrimage pathways, and concrete markers of political or symbolic connections between city centers. Some sacbeob are mythological, subterranean routes and some trace celestial pathways; evidence for these roadways are reported in Maya myths and colonial records. Finding the Sacbeob Identifying the routes of the sacbe on the ground has been extremely difficult until recently  when techniques such as radar imaging, remote sensing, and GIS became widely available. Of course,  Maya historians remain an important source of information for these ancient roadways. The issue is complex, ironically enough, because there are written records that contradict one another. Several of the sacbe have been identified archaeologically, many others are still unknown but have been reported in colonial period documents such as the Books of Chilam Balam. In my research for this article, I did not discover any explicit discussions on how old the sacbeob are  but based on the ages of the connecting cities, they were functioning at least as early as the Classic period (AD 250-900). Functions In addition to simply roadways that facilitated movement between places, researchers Folan and Hutson argue that sacbeob were visual representations of economic and political connections between centers and their satellites, conveying the concepts of power and inclusion. Causeways may have been used in processions that emphasized this idea of community. One function described in recent scholarly literature is the role of the sacbe road system in the Maya market network. The exchange system of the Maya kept the far-flung (and very loosely connected) communities in touch  and made it possible both to trade goods and make and sustain political connections. Market centers with central locations and associated causeways include Coba, Maax Na, Sayil, and Xunantunich. Deities and Sacbeob Maya deities associated with roadways include Ix Chel in several of her manifestations. One is Ix Zac Beeliz or she who walks the white road. In a mural at Tulum, Ix Chel is shown carrying two small images of the Chaac god as she is walking along a mythological or real roadway. The deity Chiribias (Ix Chebel Yax or the Virgin of Guadalupe) and her husband Itzam Na are sometimes associated with roads, and the legend of the Hero Twins includes a journey through the underworld along several sacbeob. From Cobà ¡ to Yaxuna The longest known sacbe is the one that stretches 100 kilometers (62 miles) between the Maya centers of Cobà ¡ and Yaxuna on the Yucatà ¡n Peninsula of Mexico, called the Yaxuna-Cobà ¡ causeway or Sacbe 1. Along Sacbe 1s east-west course are water holes (dzonot), steles with inscriptions and several small Maya communities. Its roadbed measures approximately 8 meters (26 feet) wide and typically 50 centimeters (20 inches) high, with various ramps and platforms alongside. Sacbe 1 was stumbled into by early twentieth century explorers, and rumors of the road became known to the Carnegie Institution archaeologists working at  Cobà ¡Ã‚  by the early 1930s. Its entire length was mapped by Alfonso Villa Rojas and Robert Redfield in the mid-1930s. Recent investigations by Loya Gonzalez and Stanton (2013) suggest that the sacbes main purpose may have been to connect Cobà ¡ to the large market centers of Yaxuna and, later,  Chichà ©n Itzà ¡, in order to better control trade throughout the peninsula. Other Sacbe Examples The Tzacauil sacbe is a solid rock causeway, which starts at the Late Preclassic acropolis of Tzacauil and ends just short of the large center of Yaxuna. Varying in width between 6 and 10 meters, and in height between 30 and 80 centimeters, this sacbes roadbed includes some crudely cut facing stones. From Cobà ¡ to Ixil, 20 kilometers in length, is a noh be followed and described in the 1970s by Jacinto May Hau, Nicolas Caamal Canche, Teoberto May Chimal, Lynda Florey Folan and William J. Folan. This 6-meter wide sacbe crosses a marshy area and includes numerous small and large ramps. Close to Coba was a fairly large platform next to a vaulted building, which the Maya guides referred to as a customs house or  way station. This road may have defined the boundaries of Cobas urban area and region of power. From Ich Caan Ziho through  Akà ©Ã‚  to Itzmal, is a sacbe approximately 60 km in length, of which only a portion is in evidence. Described by Ruben Maldonado Cardenas in the 1990s, a network of roads still used today leads from Ake to Itzmal. Sources Bolles D, and Folan WJ. 2001.  An analysis of roads listed in colonial dictionaries and their relevance to pre-hispanic linear features in the Yucatan peninsula.  Ancient Mesoamerica  12(02):299-314. Folan WJ, Hernandez AA, Kintz ER, Fletcher LA, Heredia RG, Hau JM, and Canche N. 2009.  Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico: A Recent Analysis of the Social, Economic and Political Organization of a Major Maya Urban Center.  Ancient Mesoamerica  20(1):59-70. Hutson SR, Magnoni A, and Stanton TW. 2012.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All that is solid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : Sacbes, settlement, and semiotics at Tzacauil, Yucatan.  Ancient Mesoamerica  23(02):297-311. Loya Gonzà ¡lez T, and Stanton TW. 2013.  Impacts of politics on material culture: evaluating the Yaxuna-Coba sacbe.  Ancient Mesoamerica  24(1):25-42. Shaw LC. 2012.  The elusive Maya marketplace: An archaeological consideration of the evidence.  Journal of Archaeological Research  20:117-155.

Italy s Current Population Of Italy - 948 Words

Italy is located in the Southern part of Europe and is surrounded by the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. It officially became a country in 1861, under the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II. Italy’s current population sits at just under 62 million; it is a decent populated country in comparison to the countries surrounding it. It is ranked the 24th most populated country in the world. The majority of the population is of Italian decent and practices Christianity. Over half of the Italy’s population lives in urbanized areas, which gives a good idea of the percentage of people who hold jobs in an urban area. Urban area jobs include factory workers, business owners, cashiers, etc. With that being said, the unemployment is 12.2% . Surprisingly, the unemployment rate is a little higher for men than it is for women in Italy. The governmental structure in Italy is a republic, and the current President is Sergio Mattarella. He has been president for just over a year. Italy’s economy is an economy with an interesting past, full of ups and downs. It is quite different from the economy of the United States in the way it is ran, however it’s turbulent past is similar to the United State’s bumpy economic past. As of 2015, the average annual income per person is $35,800 (in U.S. dollars). As stated above, the unemployment rate is high, but for those who are employed 3.9% work in agriculture, 28.3% work in industry, and 67.8% work in services. The currency Italy uses is theShow MoreRelatedBusiness Climate Is A Rewarding Experience1231 Words   |  5 PagesDoing business in Italy can be a rewarding experience. It takes some effort, but if you follow some of the ideas set forth in this paper you will be able to navigate just fine. The paper will give a brief overview of what the business climate is like in Italy. Included in information on current GPI and FDI, and how the political and legal system is structured. 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The Lord of the Flies Paper Essay Example For Students

The Lord of the Flies Paper Essay In The Lord of the Flies, Jack was a powerful representation of the evil instinct of all humankind and society due to his desire to have power and authority, his thrill for violence and bloodlust that evolved from his growing savagery, and his inability to control the evil instinct or darkness of a mans heart. From the beginning the novel, Jack was seen as a leader of his choir group. They were very well trained and obedient to him. It was obvious that he enjoyed the ability to have control over them. Every action taken by the group was commanded by him, even the smallest detail like moving around or taking off jackets. But when Ralph was chosen as the leader for the entire group, Jack was under a blush of mortification (23). As of that point on, Jack began to crave for power. Moreover, it wasnt merely a search for a dominant supremacy. Jacks envy for Ralph was the fodder that kept his fire blazing. Then as he began to build up that control over the boys by the blood of pigs, he needed to feel more and more of that power. After another victorious kill, he cries out, I gave you food, and my hunters will protect you from the beast. Who will join my tribe? (150). The accomplishment of feeding an entire group of boys with meat was a sufficient reason for him to now take over the whole group, which he eventually achieved. The violent, hostile, and menacing part of him also commenced to enlarge as a more intensified state that was almost incontrollable. From the actual moments of slaughter to the reenactment of the gruesome killings, and then to the chants and dances, Jack, above all, found thrill and excitement from each experience. The blood of the pigs on his own hands and body enlivened his emotions. Yet the first attempt at murdering the pig was unsuccessful because of the remaining bit of humanity in Jack. On account of that, Jack wanted to prove even more that he was able, and that he had the power to accomplish the deed. The butcheries after that incident though, were unmerciful and appalling. A certain, yet strange kind of exhilaration was derived from the horrific blood and the dissonant squeals of pain that even Ralph, the protagonist that represented order and civilization, too was fighting to get near, to get a handful of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering, (115). So Jack soon becomes addicted to these high unexplainable emotions that ultimately take him to complete savagery. After being trapped inside the strict society of civilization in Britain, landing on the island was a chapter of revelation in Jacks life. The freedom from the proper and orderliness manner in which he grew up with, was too much for him to handle at such a young age. Instead of controlling the natural instinct that lied in all men, he revealed it to himself and to the others, and then allowed it to take over him, revealing the truth of how adverse and threatening human nature could be. Although the appearance of the evil nature takes a rightly negative outlook, to Jack, this was what he had been looking for. This state of immorality was all the freedom that he never had. Just a taste of it drove him deeper and deeper into the pit of darkness and had him conform into a finalized state of savagery. So from then on, Jack started to thrive on the blood, murders and power that came with sacrifices of humans, animals, and morality. Jack had no fault with his behavior. He himself did not realize the power that freedom had on him. Instead he merely looked at the exhilarations and thrills that it brought. Then he was led on by the desire for authority and violence, while being unable to control any of his inner instincts. All this shows society that the freedom Jack had was and is dangerous.

History Of Punk Rock Essay Example For Students

History Of Punk Rock Essay Did you know that the first commercially successful punk band was the Sex Pistols? Then came groups like Black Flag, Husker Du, and Bad Brains. Punk was invented in Britain in the mid Seventies. The first American punk started in a New York club called CBGBs. CBGBs would attract a crowd of about 500 with its Sunday-afternoon hard-core matinees. The concerts would be over by a reasonable time so kids could get home to eat dinner with their parents. In this paper we will take a look at some history and aspects of punk rock over the years. Slam Dancing Slam dancing has been popular through the history of punk. You may have heard of called mashing or stage diving. Mashing is just a big game of bumper cars like you played when you were a kid. I think Natalie Jacobson who is dating the lead singer of Murphys Law describes stage diving best when says, Its like diving into a human carpet. Something like the old kids trust game. Just my way of getting into it. Gospel people got their thing, I got mine.1 Politics Some punks consider themselves Nazis, or are concerned with issues like peace, racism, and nuclear war. Most punk is against parental, musical, and political authorities. On the other hand some isnt. Bob Mould of Husker Du talks about politics quite frequently in his songs. I dont write about politics because Im not an expert. Some bands find it very necessary to claim theyre politically relevant when in actuality they dont know shit about politics. Not informing people is much better than misinforming people. Were sort of like reporters in a way. Reporters of our own mental state. Reporters of the state of the air. Consciousness. Of the day. We make personal statements.2 Friends Most punks that live in small towns have trouble making friends. They find it hard to relate to most people. Sixteen- year-old Becca Levine finds it hard to make friends in her small town. She comes from a family of divorced parents that never have understood her. Her mother thinks its just a phase shes going through. As Becca Quotes, Parents around here treat me like Im kind of weird.3 She has met someone from New York City that understands her. She meets with him at concerts at clubs like the Ritz or CBGBs. She met someone else also. Someone about 20 minutes away from her hometown who wrote an ad in a national magazine looking for someone to associate with that would understand him. He got a lot of responses, but when he saw the letter from Becca he called her right up. They met for the first time at a Hard-Core show in New York City. But still no one in her hometown understands her. Fitting in with the New York hard-core scene is one of her goals. Clothing Punk has its very own unique style. Although punk sports hard edges, bright colors, shaved heads, leather jackets, Mohawks, and  army boots. You cant really tell if a person is a punk by the way they dress or do their hair. Wanda Draper, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Oklahoma says, We need to look at their reactions and responses to what goes on around them in everyday life. When we know that this is a fad-that it is an effort to be a part of the group-we can usually relax.4 Development of Punk Through the years some punk has had influences from country to the Grateful Dead. Some of this may not even be punk at all. Take Rancids song Time Bomb off their latest album, And Out Come the Wolves5 for instance. It is their rendition of Reggae. Most punk groups dont make much money at all. Once in a while a punk group will hit it big time but that is very rare. .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .postImageUrl , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:visited , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:active { border:0!important; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:active , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of the Roman Empire EssayPaul Westerbert, lead singer of the Replacements quotes, We are the hungriest band Ive ever seen. We get in the van and drive to a town, play, stay at a friends house. Wake up when they throw us out. Drive the rest of the day. Play the next night. We get fifteen dollars a day. And when were home, we dont get nothing. Were way in debt. We own a van, it breaks down, and you know when you play that the gig money goes to pay for the broken- down van. Were used to it.6 Relation Punk is also related to Hard-Core and Ska. Hard-Core is usually heavier and more upbeat the regular punk. Ska is punk with some trumpets or saxophones playing along. Punk Is Still Going Strong Drugs, rock star egos, and in some cases death ruined the development of punk bands back around 1980 like the Sex Pistols, Black Flag, and The Germs. It made a recent comeback in the early nineties. Julia Sazbo quotes, Music lovers will argue that it all started in early 1993 when Rhino Records came out with D.I.Y. Do It Yourself, a nine-volume aural history of punk. They came tours by the Ramones, the Stranglers, and Television.7 Believe it or not. Punk has been and still is surviving mostly on minor labels.

Work Sheet free essay sample

From the course home page in Loudly, click on the Tasks tab and then click on Forums. Make notes on the various forums and their purposes. 3. F-mind the Student Success Center under the Resources Tab. Click on this link. List some of the services provided to students at this link. * 4. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Writing Center link. Click on Loudly Courses. What writing style is required for 1 O- and 200-level courses at GUCCI? 5. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Support Services link. List the services available at this link. 6. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Succeed at GU link.Click on the GAL. Tutorials link at the bottom of the page. What tutorials are available for students at this link? 7. Click on the Resources Tab in the Loudly classroom. List each section. Review each section and list what you find in it. 8. Click on the Course Home link the left-hand corner of the screen. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Sheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page List some Of the components found on this page. 9. Go to http://library. GU. Due. Click on the Frequently Asked Questions (on the left) link. List how a GUCCI student finds a Book, DVD, streaming video, or other multimedia at the GAL. library: GUCCI Web site Questions (http://www. GU. Due) 1 .Locate and click the Spiritual Life link on the right side of the screen. You will notice a navigation pane on the left side of the screen. Click the + sign next to Chapel and the Gathering. What information is listed under Chapel and the Gathering? 2. On the Home page, locate and click the Current Students button on the right side of the screen. Scroll down the page. What links are listed under the Student Resources section? 3. On the Home page, locate and click on the Resources tab at the top of the screen. Click the Technical Support link listed under the Support Services section. What information can be found under Technical Support? On the Home page, click on the Contact us tab which is located just above the home page footer. This is where you can locate phone numbers and addresses of the colleges, the main GAL.

Buscar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Buscar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples Buscar is a fairly common verb in Spanish that is usually translated as to look for or to search for. The conjugation of buscar is regular in pronunciation but irregular in spelling. This article includes buscar conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Buscar One major difference between the English verbs to look or to search and buscar, is that the Spanish version doesnt need to be followed by a preposition, which is a common mistake made by students learning the language. To avoid this confusion, you can think of buscar as meaning to seek. The conjugation of buscar is irregular in its spelling. Specifically, whenever a conjugated form of buscar would have the c followed by an e if it were regular, the c changes to qu. For example, to say I sought, you would use the form busquà © instead of buscà ©. You will find this spelling change also in the present subjunctive and some imperative conjugations. Common Uses of Buscar These common expressions include the verb buscar: buscar algo: to look for something - Busco mi lpiz (I look for my pencil).buscar algo: to look something up - Busco la respuesta en Internet (I look up the answer on the internet).buscar a alguien: to look for someone - Buscamos a Pedro (We are looking for Peter). Note that you need to include the personal a when looking for a specific person.buscar a alguien: to pick someone up - Voy a buscar a los nià ±os a las dos de la tarde. (Ill pick up the children at 2 p.m.). Here, again, you need the personal a. buscar [infinitivo]: to look to [verb] - Buscà ³ nadar en aguas ms seguras (He looked to swim in safer waters).se busca [sustantivo]: [noun] wanted - Se busca cocinero (Cook wanted).buscrsela: to look for trouble - Ella se la buscà ³ en las calles (She looked for trouble on the streets). The busca root can also be combined with several nouns to form compound nouns: el buscapersonas (sometimes shortened to busca) - pagerel buscapià ©s - firecrackerel/la buscaplata - fortune hunterel/la buscapleitos - troublemakerel/la buscarruidos - troublemaker, rabble-rouserel/la buscatesoros - treasure hunter, treasure seekerel/la buscavidas - ambitious person, busybody Buscar Present Indicative The verb buscar is regular in the present indicative tense. It follows the pattern of other -ar regular verb conjugations. Yo busco I search for Yo busco mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscas You search for Tà º buscas a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella busca You/he/she searches for Ella busca la respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscamos We search for Nosotros buscamos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscis You search for Vosotros buscis trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscan You/they search for Ellos buscan oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations of buscar are regular, except for the spelling change that happens with the vowel e in the first person singular (yo). Yo busquà © I searched for Yo busquà ©mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscaste You searched for Tà º buscaste a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscà ³ You/he/she searched for Ella buscà ³ la respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscamos We searched for Nosotros buscamos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscasteis You searched for Vosotros buscasteis trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaron You/they searched for Ellos buscaron oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperfect Indicative In the imperfect tense, the verb buscar is conjugated regularly. You start with the stem busc- and add the imperfect ending for -ar verbs (aba, abas, aba, bamos, aban). The imperfect tense can be translated as was searching for or used to search for. Yo buscaba I used to search for Yo buscabamis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscabas You used tosearch for Tà º buscabasa Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscaba You/he/she used to search for Ella buscabala respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscbamos We used to search for Nosotros buscbamosinformacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscabais You used to search for Vosotros buscabais trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaban You/they used to search for Ellos buscaban oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Future Indicative To conjugate the future tense, start with the infinitive (buscar) and add the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo buscarà © I will search for Yo buscarà ©mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscars Youwillsearch for Tà º buscarsa Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscar You/he/shewill search for Ella buscarla respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscaremos Wewill search for Nosotros buscaremos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscarà ©is Youwill search for Vosotros buscarà ©istrabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscarn You/theywill search for Ellos buscarn oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar PeriphrasticFuture Indicative To conjugate the periphrastic future you need the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive buscar. Yo voy a buscar I am going to search for Yo voy a buscarmis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º vasa buscar You aregoing to search for Tà º vasa buscar a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa buscar You/he/shegoing to search for Ella vaa buscarla respuesta en el libro. Nosotros vamosa buscar We aregoing to search for Nosotros vamos a buscar informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros vaisa buscar You aregoing to search for Vosotros vaisa buscartrabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana buscar You/they aregoing to search for Ellos vana buscar oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Present Progressive/Gerund Form In order to form the gerund or present participle, use the stem of the verb and add the ending -ando (for -ar verbs). The present participle can be used to form progressive tenses such as the present progressive, usually formed with the auxiliary verb estar. Present Progressive ofBuscar est buscando She is searching for Ella est buscando la respuesta en el libro. Buscar Past Participle To form the past participle, start with the stem of the verb busc- and add the ending -ado (for -ar verbs). One of the uses of the past participle is to form perfect tenses like the present perfect, which uses the auxiliary verb haber. Present Perfect of Buscar ha buscado She has searched for Ella ha buscado la respuesta en el libro. Buscar Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can be used to talk about possibilities, and is usually translated to English as would verb. The conditional is formed similarly to the future tense, starting with the infinitive form and adding the corresponding ending. Yo buscarà ­a I would search for Yo buscarà ­amis llaves por toda la casa, pero no tengo paciencia. Tà º buscarà ­as Youwould search for Tà º buscarà ­as a Carlitos en la escuela si saliera temprano. Usted/à ©l/ella buscarà ­a You/he/shewould search for Ella buscarà ­a la respuesta en el libro si fuera necesario. Nosotros buscarà ­amos Wewould search for Nosotros buscarà ­amos informacià ³n en Internet si tuvià ©ramos una computadora. Vosotros buscarà ­ais Youwould search for Vosotros buscarà ­aistrabajo, pero os da pereza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscarà ­an You/theywould search for Ellos buscarà ­an oportunidades para mejorar si estuvieran ms motivados. Buscar Present Subjunctive To form the present subjunctive, use the stem of the first person singular present indicative (yo busco) and add the subjunctive endings. For -ar verbs, the endings all contain the vowel e, so you must include the spelling change c to qu. Que yo busque That I search for Es necesario que yo busque mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º busques That you search for Mam necesita que tà º busques a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella busque That you/he/she search for La profesora recomienda que ella busquela respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros busquemos That we search for El bibliotecario sugiere que nosotros busquemos informacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros busquà ©is That you search for Pap pide que vosotros busquà ©is trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas busquen That you/they search for La jefa espera que ellos busquen oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperfect Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Although they are both considered correct, usage depends on location, as some countries prefer one option over the other. Option 1 Que yo buscara That I searched for Era necesario que yobuscara mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º buscaras That you searched for Mam necesitaba que tà º buscaras a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella buscara That you/he/she searched for La profesora recomendaba que ella buscara la respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros buscramos That we searched for El bibliotecario sugerà ­a que nosotros buscramosinformacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros buscarais That you searched for Pap pedà ­a que vosotros buscarais trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaran That you/they searched for La jefa esperaba que ellos buscaran oportunidades para mejorar. Option 2 Que yo buscase That I searched for Era necesario que yobuscase mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º buscases That you searched for Mam necesitaba que tà º buscases a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella buscase That you/he/she searched for La profesora recomendaba que ella buscase la respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros buscsemos That we searched for El bibliotecario sugerà ­a que nosotros buscsemosinformacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros buscaseis That you searched for Pap pedà ­a que vosotros buscaseis trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas buscasen That you/they searched for La jefa esperaba que ellos buscasen oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperative In order to give orders or commands, you need the imperative mood. Notice that in the imperative sometimes you will need to make the spelling change c to qu. Positive Commands Tà º busca Search for!  ¡Busca a Carlitos en la escuela! Usted busque Search for!  ¡Busque la respuesta en el libro! Nosotros busquemos Let's search for!  ¡Busquemos informacià ³n en Internet! Vosotros buscad Search for!  ¡Buscad trabajo! Ustedes busquen Search for!  ¡Busquen oportunidades para mejorar! Negative Commands Tà º no busques Don't search for!  ¡No busques a Carlitos en la escuela! Usted no busque Don't search for!  ¡No busque la respuesta en el libro! Nosotros no busquemos Let's not search for!  ¡No busquemos informacià ³n en Internet! Vosotros no busquà ©is Don't search for!  ¡No busquà ©is trabajo! Ustedes no busquen Don't search for!  ¡No busquen oportunidades para mejorar!

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Project Management - Essay Example Although all the three methods aim at managing organizations’ projects efficiently, a closer look reveals a number of differences in the structural organization of functional projects and matrix projects. A functional organization structure involves a hierarchy where a single superior manages one employee, whereas the matrix organization structure may not necessarily have a hierarchy (Boyer & Verma, 2010). While the matrix project recognizes and values the authority of the project manager, the case is different with functional projects where there are multiple projects managers with each reporting to a higher authority, therefore, making the project cycle more complex. In the functional organization structures, communication tends to be lengthy as information requests have to pass through the hierarchy as opposed to the matrix organization structures where communication goes directly to the project manager. Lastly, but more importantly, the matrix project is divided into weak, medium, and strong depending on the authority of the project manager, while the functional organization structures do not have any subdivisions (Yagiz, 2006). Although the matrix project structure is more preferable, it has certain disadvantages despite its numerous advantages. The main advantages of the matrix project structure include the ability to retain the benefits of the functional organization and project team structures, a better coordination of resources for the efficiency in the resource use, and the ability of staff to retain their membership teams. However, the matrix project structure suffers certain disadvantages such as the presence of internal complexities, sometimes conflicts arise between the functional and project groups. Additionally, the matrix project structure has high maintenance costs due to increased managerial and administrative overheads (Yagiz, 2006). â€Å"You don’t inspect quality into a product; you have to build it in.† This statement has significant implications especially as far as project management is concerned. Quality is very important at all the levels of project management as all the project managers undertake various projects in order to come up with tangible and quality results. If a project turns out to be successful in terms of results and quality, both the project managers and their team will feel motivated to continue perfecting their work. Under normal circumstances, the inspection of quality comes after the project is complete so that the audit team can write a comprehensive audit report (Aubry et al., 2012). However, it is the duty of the project managers and all the staff involved in such projects to ensure that they perform quality work in order to have a project whose quality is impeccable. This means that whatever product that has to have quality must first undergo quality processes that from the onset include quality manufacturing and control (Aubry et al., 2012). The inspection merely come s after quality work has been done, and, therefore, the process of building of quality into a particular product determines the results of the inspection. This insight informs project managers to be diligent and meticulous as they coordinate project stages with their team members in order to produce quality products within their organizations. Although quality inspections for products are essential in quality control, it should not form the basis of determining the credibility and authenticity of the means used, but rather a confirmation of the due